FTRG Publications (last updated 8/17/09)

In Press

Dowling, C. A., Slep, A. M. S., & O’Leary, S. G. (in press). Understanding preemptive parenting: Relations with toddlers' misbehavior, overreactive and lax discipline, and praise. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology.
Fritz, P. T. & Slep, A. M. S. (in press). Stability of Physical and Psychological Adolescent Dating Aggression Across Time and Partners. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology.
Heyman, R. E. & Slep, A. M. S. (in press). Analogue behavioral observation. In H. Reis & S. Sprecher (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Human Relationships. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Heyman, R. E. & Slep, A. M. S. (in press). Definitions of Family Maltreatment. In H. Reis & S. Sprecher (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Human Relationships. Sage Press.
Heyman, R. E. & Slep, A. M. S. (in press). Reliability of family maltreatment diagnostic criteria: 41 site dissemination field trial. Journal of Family Psychology.
Heyman, R. E., Collins, P. S., Slep, A. M. S., & Knickerbocker, L. (in press). Evidence-Based Substantiation Criteria: Improving the Reliability of Field Decisions of Child Maltreatment and Partner Abuse. Protecting Children.
Heyman, R. E., Hunt, A. N., Malik, J., & Slep, A. M. S. (in press). Desired change in couples: Gender differences and communication. Journal of Family Psychology.
Heyman, R. E., Malik, J., & Slep, A. M. S. (in press). Analogue Research Methods. In I. B. Weiner & W. E. Craighead (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Psychology (4th Ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. NY, NY.
Heyman, R. E., Slep, A. M. S., Nelson, J. P., & Stone, F. P. (in press). Empirically Guided Community Intervention for Partner Abuse, Child Maltreatment, Suicidality, and Substance Misuse. In S. MacDermid Wadsworth & D. Riggs (Eds.), Military Families Under Stress. New York: Springer.
Mitnick, D. M., Heyman, R. E. & Slep, A. M. S. (in press). Changes in relationship satisfaction across the transition to parenthood: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychology.
Mitnick, D. M., Heyman, R. E., Malik, J. & Slep, A. M. S. (in press). The differential association between change request qualities and resistance problem resolution and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Family Psychology.
Owen, D. A., Knickerbacher, L. Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (in press) Treatment of family violence. Handbook of Family Psychology.
Owen, D. A., Slep, A. M. S., & Heyman, R. E. (in press) The association of promised consequences with child compliance to maternal directives. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology.
Owen, D. J., Knickerbocker, L., Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (in press). Families, violence, and abuse. In J. H. Bray & M. Stanton, (Eds.) Handbook of Family Psychology. Blackwell Publishing.
Owen, D. J., Slep, A. M. S., & Heyman, R. E. (in press). The association of promised consequences with child compliance to maternal directives. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology.
Slep, A. M. S. & O’Leary, S. G. (in press). Distinguishing risk profiles among parent-only, partner-only, and dually-perpetrating physical aggressors. Journal of Family Psychology.
Snarr, J., Slep, A. M. S., & Grande, V. (in press). The Parenting Cognition Scale. Psychological Assessment.
Snarr, J., Slep, A. M. S., & Heyman, R. E. (in press). Intergenerational transmission of abuse. In H. Reis & S. Sprecher (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Human Relationships. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Snyder, D. K., Heyman, R. E., & Haynes, S. N. (in press). Assessing couples. In James N. Butcher (Ed.), Handbook of Personality Assessment. New York: Oxford University Press.
Snyder, D. K., Zinbarg, R. E., Heyman, R. E., Haynes, S. N., Gasbarrini, M. F., & Uliaszek, M. (in press). Assessing linkages between interpersonal processes and anxiety disorders. In J. G. Beck (Ed.), Interpersonal Processes in the Anxiety Disorders: Implications for Understanding Psychopathology and Treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Wamboldt, M. Z., Beach, S. R. H., Kaslow, N. J., Heyman, R. E., First, M. B. & Reiss, D. (in press). Describing Relationship Patterns in DSM-V: A Preliminary Proposal. In Contemporary Psychopathology.

2009

Heyman R. E., Slep, A. M. S., Beach, S. R. H., Wamboldt, M., Kaslow, N. J., & Reiss, D. (2009). Relationship problems and the DSM: needed improvements and suggested solutions. World Psychiatry, 8, 7-14.
Heyman, R. E. & Slep, A. M. S. (2009). A translational research orientation to family violence. Violence and Victims, 24, 283-301.

2008

Jouriles, E. N., McDonald, R., Slep, A. M.S., Heyman, R. E., & Garrido, E. (2008). Child abuse in the context of domestic violence: Prevalence, explanations and practice implications. Violence and Victims, 23, 221-235.
Mitnick, D. & Heyman, R. E. (2008). Couples approaches to treating intimate partner violence. In J. Keeling & T. Mason (Eds.) Domestic Violence: A multi-professional approach for healthcare practioners (pp. 157-166). Berkshire, England: Open University Press/McGraw Hill.
O’Leary, K. D., Slep, A. M. S., Avery-Leaf., S., & Cascardi, M. (2008). Gender differences in dating aggression among multi-ethnic high school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42, 473-479.
Slep, A. M. S. & Heyman, R. E (2008). Public health approaches to family maltreatment prevention: Resetting family psychology’s sights from the home to the community. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 518-528.
Snyder, D. K., Heyman, R. E., & Haynes, S. N. (2008). Couple distress. In J. Hunsley & E. Mash (Eds.), A Guide to Assessments That Work (pp. 439-463). New York: Oxford University Press.

2007

Heyman, R. E. & Slep, A. M. S. (2007). A Translational Research Orientation to Family Violence. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Heyman, R. E., & Hunt, A. N. (2007). Replication in observational couples research: A commentary. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69, 81–85
Knickerbocker, R., Heyman, R. E., Slep, A. M. S., Jouriles, E. N., & McDonald, R. (2007). Co-occurrence of child and partner maltreatment: Definitions, prevalence, theory, and implications for assessment, treatment, and policy. European Psychologist: A Journal of the American Psychological Association, 12, 36-44.
Slep, A. M. S. & Heyman, R. E (2007). Public Health Approaches to Family Maltreatment Prevention: Resetting Family Psychology’s Sights from the Home to the Community. Manuscript submitted for publication.

2006

Beach, S. R. H., Wamboldt, M., Kaslow, N. J., Heyman, R. E., & Reiss, D. (2006-a). Describing relationship problems in DSM-V: Toward better guidance for research and clinical practice. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 359-368.
Beach, S. R. H., Wamboldt, M., Kaslow, N. J., Heyman, R. E., & Reiss, D. (2006-b). Relational processes and mental health: A bench to bedside dialogue to guide the DSM-V. In S. R. H. Beach, M. Wamboldt, N. Kaslow, R. E. Heyman, M. First, L. G. Underwood, & D. Reiss (Eds.) Relational processes and DSM-V: Neuroscience, Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment (pp. 1-20). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Heyman, R. E. & Slep, A. M. S. (2006). Creating and Field-Testing Diagnostic Criteria for Partner and Child Maltreatment. Journal of Family Psychology, Special issue: Relational Disorders and Relational Processes in Mental Health. 20, pp. 397-408.
Heyman, R. E. & Slep, A. M. S. (2006). Relational Diagnoses: From Reliable Rationalist Diagnoses to Testable Taxonic Hypotheses. . In S. R. H. Beach, M. Wamboldt, N. Kaslow, R. E. Heyman, M. First, & D. Reiss (Eds.) Relational processes and DSM-V: From Neuroscience to Assessment and Treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. (pp. XXXX).
Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (2006-a). Creating and field-testing diagnostic criteria for partner and child maltreatment. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 397-408.
Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (2006-b). Relational diagnoses: From reliable rationally-derived criteria to testable taxonic hypotheses. In S. R. H. Beach, M. Wamboldt, N. Kaslow, R. E. Heyman, M. First, L. G. Underwood, & D. Reiss (Eds.) Relational processes and DSM-V: Neuroscience, Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment (pp. 139-156). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Leung, D. A. & Slep, A. M. S. (2006). Predicting inept discipline: The role of parental depressive symptoms, anger, and attributions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.
O’Leary, K. D., Slep, A. M. S., Avery-Leaf., S., & Cascardi, M. (2006). Gender Differences in Dating Aggression Among Multi-Ethnic High School Students. Manuscript submitted for publication.
O’Leary, S. G. & Slep, A. M. S. (2006). Precipitants of Partner Aggression. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 344-347.
Owen, D. J., Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (2006). The risk of partner aggression research: Impact of laboratory couples conflict. Violence and Victims, 21, 483-497.
Slep, A. M. S. & Heyman, R. E. (2006). Creating and field-testing child maltreatment definitions: Improving the reliability of substantiation determinations. Child Maltreatment, 11, 397-408.
Slep, A. M. S., Heyman, R. E., Williams, M. C., Van Dyke, C. E., & O’Leary, S. G. (2006). Using random telephone sampling to recruit generalizable samples for family violence studies. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 680–689.

2005

Heyman, R. E., & Ezzell, C. E. (2005). Interpersonal violence. In A. P. Giardino & R. Alexander (Eds.) Child Maltreatment: Two-Volume Set (pp. 639-658). St. Louis, MO: G. W. Medical Publishing.
Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (2005). Estimating Prevalences of Sensitive Problems from Non-Sensitive Data. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Lorber, M. F. & Slep, A. M. S. (2005). Mothers’ emotion dynamics and their relations with harsh and lax discipline: Microsocial Time Series Analyses. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 559-568.
Slep, A. M. S. & O’Leary, S. G. (2005). Parent and Partner Violence in Families with Young Children: Rates, Patterns, and Connections. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 73, 435-444.
Snyder, D. K., Heyman, R. E., & Haynes, S. N. (2005). Evidence-based approaches to assessing couple distress. Psychological Assessment, 17, 288-307.

2004

Heyman, R. E. & Slep, A. M. S. (2004). Analogue behavioral observation. In M. Hersen (Ed.) & E. M. Heiby & S. N. Haynes (Vol. Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment: Vol. 3. Behavioral assessment (pp. 162-180). New York: Wiley.
Heyman, R. E. (2004). Rapid Marital Interaction Coding System. In P. K. Kerig & D. H. Baucom (Eds.) Couple observational coding systems (pp. 67-94). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Manne, S., Ostroff, J., Sherman, M., Heyman, R. E., Ross, S. & Fox, K. (2004). Couples’ support-related communication, psychological distress and relationship satisfaction among women with early stage breast cancer. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 660-670.
O’Leary, K. D. & Slep, A. M. S. (2004). The Need to Consider Both Male and Female Behavior in Preventing Partner Abuse. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Schumacher, J. A. & Slep, A. M. S. (2004). Attitudes and Dating Aggression: A Cognitive Dissonance Approach. Prevention Science, 5, 231-243.
Slep, A. M. S. & Heyman, R. E. (2004). Severity of partner and child maltreatment: Reliability of scales used in America’s largest Child and Family Protection Agency. Journal of Family Violence, 19, 95-106.
Vivian, D., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., & Heyman, R. E. (2004). Thematic Coding of Dyadic Interaction. In P. K. Kerig & D. H. Baucom (Eds.) Couple observational coding systems (pp. 273-288). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Weiss, R. L. & Heyman, R. E. (2004). Couples observational research: An impertinent, critical overview. In P. K. Kerig & D. H. Baucom (Eds.), Couple observational coding systems (pp. 11-26). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

2003

Heyman, R. E. & Schlee, K. A. (2003). Stopping wife abuse via Physical Aggression Couples Treatment. In D. G. Dutton & D. J. Sonkin (Eds.), Intimate Violence: Contemporary Treatment Innovations (pp. 135-157). New York: Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press. Also published as Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 7, 135-157.
Heyman, R. E. & Slep, A. M. S. (2003). Analogue behavioral observation. In R. Fernandez-Ballesteros (Ed.) Encyclopedia of psychological assessment. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
O’Leary, K. D. & Slep, A. M. S. (2003) A dyadic longitudinal model of adolescent dating aggression. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32, 314-327.
Sayers, S. L. & Heyman, R.E. (2003). Behavioral marital therapy. In G. P. Sholevar (Ed.), Textbook of family and marital therapy (pp. 461-500). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Snarr, J., Strassberg, Z. & Slep, A. M. S. (2003). Making faces: Mothers’ of odd and average boys interpretations child emotion cues. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31, 371-380

2002

Heyman, R. E. & Slep, A. M. S. (2002). Do child abuse and interparental violence lead to adulthood family violence? Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 864-870.
Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (2002). Double whammy and the cycle of violence: Does physical victimization and exposure to interparental violence in childhood lead to child or partner maltreatment in adulthood? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 64, 864-870.

2001

Black, D. A., Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (2001). Risk factors for child physical abuse. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 121-188.
Black, D. A., Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (2001). Risk factors for child sexual abuse. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 203-229.
Black, D. A., Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (2001). Risk factors for partner sexual abuse. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 269-280.
Black, D. A., Slep, A. M. S. & Heyman, R. E. (2001). Risk factors for child psychological Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 189-201.
Chase, K. A., O’Leary, K. D., & Heyman, R. E. (2001). Categorizing partner violent men within the reactive-proactive typology model. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 567-572.
Heyman, R. E. & Slep, A. M. S. (2001). Risk factors for family violence: Introduction to the special issue. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 115-119.
Heyman, R. E. & Slep, A. M. S. (2001). The hazards of predicting divorce without crossvalidation. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62, 473-479.
Heyman, R. E. (2001). Observation of couple conflicts: Clinical assessment applications, stubborn truths, and shaky foundations. Psychological Assessment, 13, 5-35.
Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (2001). Risk factors for family violence: Introduction to the special issue. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 115-119.
Heyman, R. E., Chaudhry, B. R., Treboux, D., Crowell, J., Lord, C., Vivian, D., & Waters, E. B. (2001). How much observational data is enough? An empirical test using marital interaction coding. Behavior Therapy, 32, 107-123.
Heyman, R. E., Feldbau-Kohn, S. R., Ehrensaft, M. K., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., & O’Leary, K. D. (2001). Can questionnaire reports correctly classify relationship distress and partner physical abuse? Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 334-346.
Schumacher, J. A., Feldbau-Kohn, S. R., Slep, A. M. S. & Heyman, R. E. (2001). Risk factors for male-to-female partner physical abuse. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 269-352.
Schumacher, J. A., Slep, A. M. S. & Heyman, R. E. (2001). Risk factors for child neglect. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 231-254.
Schumacher, J. A., Slep, A. M. S. & Heyman, R. E. (2001). Risk factors for male-to-female partner psychological abuse. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 255-268.
Slep, A. M. S. & Heyman, R. E. (2001). Where do we go from here? Moving toward an integrated approach to family violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6, 353-356.
Slep, A. M. S. & O’Leary, S. G. (2001). Examining partner and child abuse: Are we ready for an integrated theory of family violence? Child and Family Psychology Review, 4, 87-108.
Slep, A. M. S., Cascardi, M., Avery-Leaf, S. & O’Leary, K. D. (2001). Two new measures of attitudes accepting of teen dating aggression. Psychological Assessment, 13, 306-318.

2000

Aron, A., Norman, C., Aron, E., McKenna, C., & Heyman, R. E. (2000). Couples shared anticipation in novel and arousing activities and experienced relationship quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 273-284.
O’Leary, K. D., Slep, A. M. S., & O’Leary, S. G. (2000). Co-occurrence of Partner and Parent Aggression: Research and Treatment Implications. Behavior Therapy, 31, 631-648.

1999

Cascardi, M., Avery-Leaf, S., O’Leary, K. D., & Slep, A. M. S. (1999). Factor Structure and Convergent Validity of the Conflict Tactics Scale in High School Students. Psychological Assessment, 11, 546-555.
Ehrensaft, M. K., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Heyman, R. E., O’Leary, K. D., Lawrence, E. (1999). Feeling controlled in marriage: A phenomenon specific to physically aggressive couples? Journal of Family Psychology, 13, 20-32
Heyman, R. E., & Neidig, P. H. (1999). A comparison of partner abuse rates in U. S. Army and civilian representative samples. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 239-242.
Heyman, R. E., Brown, P. D., Feldbau, S. R., & O’Leary, K. D. (1999). Couples’ communication variables as predictors of dropout and treatment response in wife abuse treatment programs. Behavior Therapy, 30, 165-190.
O’Leary, K. D., Heyman, R. E., & Neidig, P. H. (1999). Treatment of wife abuse: A comparison of gender-specific and couples approaches. Behavior Therapy, 30, 475-505.
O’Leary, S. G., Slep, A. M. S., & Reid, M. J. (1999). A longitudinal study of mothers’ overreactive discipline and toddlers’ externalizing behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27, 331-341.

1998

Feldbau-Kohn, S. R., Heyman, R. E., & O’Leary K. D. (1998). Major depressive disorder and depressive symptomatology as predictors of husband to wife physical aggression. Violence and Victims, 13, 347-360.
Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Schlee, K. A., Monson, C. M., Ehrensaft, M. K., & Heyman, R. E. (1998). What's love got to do with it?: Perceptions of marital positivity in H-to-W aggressive, distressed, and happy marriages. Journal of Family Violence, 13, 197-212.
O'Leary, K. D., Heyman, R. E. & Jongsma, A. E. (1998). The couples therapy treatment planner. New York: Wiley.
Schlee, K. A., Heyman, R. E., & O’Leary, K. D. (1998). Group treatment for spouse abuse: Are women with PTSD appropriate participants? Journal of Family Violence, 13, 1-20.
Slep, A. M. S., & O’Leary, S. G. (1998). The effects of maternal attributions on parenting: An experimental analysis, Journal of Family Psychology, 12, 234-243.

1997

Heyman, R. E. & Neidig, P. H. (1997). Physical Aggression Couples Treatment. In W. K. Halford and H. J. Markman (Eds.), Clinical handbook of marriage and couples intervention (pp. 589-617). New York: Wiley.
Heyman, R. E. & Schlee, K. A. (1997). Toward a better estimate of the prevalence of partner abuse: Adjusting rates based on the sensitivity of the Conflict Tactics Scale. Journal of Family Psychology, 11, 332-338.
Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Heyman, R. E., Schlee, K. A. & O’Leary, K. D. (1997). Before children: Pre-parenthood cognitions of distressed and husband-to-wife aggressive couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 11, 176-187.
Pan, H. S., Ehrensaft, M. K., Heyman, R. E., O'Leary, K. D., Schwartz, R. (1997). Evaluation the criteria for spouse abuse in a sample of patients at a family practice clinic. Family Medicine, 29, 492-495.
Weiss, R. L., & Heyman, R. E. (1997). Couple interaction. In W. K. Halford and H. J. Markman (Eds.), Clinical handbook of marriage and couples intervention (pp. 13-41). New York: Wiley.

1996

Vivian, D., & Heyman, R. E. (1996). Is there a place for conjoint treatment of couple violence? In Session, 2, 25-48.

1995

Heyman, R. E., Eddy, J. M., Weiss, R. L., & Vivian, D. (1995). Factor analysis of the Marital Interaction Coding System. Journal of Family Psychology, 9, 209-215.
Heyman, R. E., O’Leary, K. D., & Jouriles, E. N. (1995). Alcohol and Aggressive Personality Styles: Potentiators of Serious Physical Aggression Against Wives? Journal of Family Psychology, 9, 44-57.
Heyman, R. E., Weiss, R. L., & Eddy, J. M. (1995). Marital Interaction Coding System: Revision and empirical evaluation. Behavioural Research and Therapy, 33, 737-746.
Holtzworth-Munroe, A., Markman, H. J., O'Leary, K. D., Neidig, P. H., Leber, D., Heyman, R. E., Hulbert, D., & Smutzler, N. (1995). The need for marital violence prevention efforts: A behavioral-cognitive secondary prevention program for engaged and newly married couples. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 4, 77-88.
Lawrence, E., Heyman, R. E., & O’Leary, K. D. (1995). Correspondence between telephone and written assessments of physical violence in marriage. Behavior Therapy, 26, 671-680.
Neidig, P. H., Heyman, R. E.,& Slep, A. M. S. (1995). Domestic Conflict Containment Program, Phase II: Parenting. Stony Brook, NY: Behavioral Science Associates.
O’Leary, K. D., Neidig, P. H., & Heyman, R. E. (1995). Assessment and treatment of partner abuse: A synopsis for the legal profession. Albany Law Review, 58, 1215-1234.
Slep, A. M. S. Heyman, R. E., & Neidig, P. H. (1995). Managing your child’s behavior: Ages birth to four. Stony Brook, NY: Behavioral Science Associates.
Smith, A. M., & O'Leary, S. G. (1995). Attributions and arousal as predictors of maternal discipline. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19, 345-357.

1994

Heyman, R. E., Sayers, S. L., & Bellack, A.S. (1994). Global Marital Satisfaction vs. Marital Adjustment: Construct Validity and Psychometric Properties of Three Measures. Journal of Family Psychology, 8, 432-446.

1991

Eddy, J. M., Heyman, R. E., & Weiss, R. L. (1991). An empirical evaluation of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale: Exploring the differences between marital “satisfaction” and “adjustment.” Behavioral Assessment, 13, 199-220
Sayers, S. L., Baucom, D. H., Goldman Sher, T., Weiss, R. L., & Heyman, R. E. (1991). Constructive engagement, behavioral marital therapy, and changes in marital satisfaction. Behavioral Assessment, 13, 25-49.

1990

Weiss, R. L. & Heyman, R. E. (1990b). Observation of marital interaction. In F. D. Fincham & T. N. Bradbury (Eds.) The psychology of marriage: Basic issues and applications (pp. 87-117). New York: Guilford Press.
Weiss, R. L., & Heyman, R. E. (1990a). Marital distress and therapy. In A. S. Bellack, M. Hersen, & A. Kazdin (Eds.) International handbook of behavior modification (2nd Ed., pp. 475-501). New York: Plenum.